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Qadi Iyad ibn Musa (1083–1149) ((アラビア語:القاضي عياض بن موسى), in French transliteration ''Qadi Iyad'') or Abu al-Fadl `Iyad ibn Amr ibn Musa ibn `Iyad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdillah ibn Musa ibn `Iyad al-Yahsubi al-Sabti (أبو الفضل عياض بن موسى بن عياض بن عمرو بن موسى بن عياض بن محمد بن عبد الله بن موسى بن عياض اليحصبي السبتي )〔Camilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists, p 324. Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978-90-04-25452-7〕 born in Ceuta,〔J. F. P. Hopkins, Nehemia Levtzion, ''Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history'', p.101,〕 then belonging to the Almoravid Empire, was the great imam of that city and, later, a high judge (qadi) in Granada. ==Biography== Qadi Iyaḍ was born into an established family of Arab origin in Ceuta.〔Camilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists, p 324. Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978-90-04-25452-7〕 As a scion of a notable scholarly family, ʿIyad was able to learn from the best teachers Ceuta had to offer. The judge Abu ʿAbd Allah Muhammad b. ʿIsa (d. 505/1111) was ʿIyad’s first important teacher and is credited with his basic academic formation. Growing up, ʿIyad benefited from the traffic of scholars from al-Andalus, the Maghrib, and the eastern Islamic world. He became a prestigious scholar in his own right and won the support of the highest levels of society.〔Camilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists, p 325. Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978-90-04-25452-7〕 In his quest for knowledge, Iyad spent part of 507/1113 and 508/1114 visiting Cordoba, Murcia, Almeria, and Granada. He received ijāzas from the most important traditionist of his time, Abū ʿAlī al-Ṣadafī (d. 514/1120) in Murcia, and met with some of the most celebrated scholars of the moment, such as Ibn al-Hajj (d. 529/1134), Ibn Rushd (d. 520/1126), and Ibn Hamdin (d. 508/1114).〔Camilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists, p 326. Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978-90-04-25452-7〕 ʿIyad was appointed judge of Ceuta in 515/1121 and served in the position until 531/1136. During his tenure as judge of Ceuta he was extremely prolific. Iyad's overall fame as a jurist and as a writer of fiqh (positive law) was based on the work he did in this city.〔Camilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists, p 326. Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978-90-04-25452-7〕 Iyad was also appointed the judge of Grenada where he worked for just over a year.〔Camilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists, p 326. Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978-90-04-25452-7〕 He headed a revolt against the coming of the Almohades to Ceuta, but lost and was banished to Tadla and later Marrakech. He was a pupil of Abu Abdillah ibn Isa, Abu Abdillah ibn Hamdin and Abu al-Hassan ibn Siraj, and was a teacher of Averroes and Ibn Maḍāʾ. He died in 1149. Because he refused to acknowledge Ibn Tumart as the awaited Mahdi, Qadi Ayyad was executed with a spear and his body subsequently cut to pieces. Although he was opposed to the Almohads and the ideas of Ibn Hazm, he did not hold enmity for the Zahirite school of Sunni Islam, which the Almohads and Ibn Hazm followed. Ayyad's comments on Ibn Hazm's teacher Abu al-Khiyar al-Zahiri were positive, as was Ayyad's characterization of his own father, a Zahirite theologian.〔Delfina Serrano, "Claim or complaint?" Taken from ''Ibn Hazm of Cordoba: The Life and Works of a Controversial Thinker'', pg. 200. Eds. Camilla Adang, Maribel Fierro and Sabine Schmidtke. Volume 103 of Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2012. ISBN 9789004234246〕 Cadi Ayyad University, also known as the University of Marrakech, was named after him. Qadi Ayyad is also well known as one of the seven saints of Marrakech and is buried near Bab Aïlen. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Qadi Ayyad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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